ENDOCRINOLOGICAL, KIDNEY AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- MARIA CHIARA ZATELLI
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
Training objectives
- The integrated course gathers the teaching course in Endocrinology, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, with the aim of providing knowledge on the physiopathological bases and clinical manifestations of the main endocrine, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases.
The course aim at providing knowledge concerning the molecular basis, pathology and physiopathology, as well as clinical, biochemical and imaging approaches, prevention, therapy and prognosis of endocrine, kidney, and gastrointestinal diseases.
At the end of the course students will be able to
• recognize, diagnose and treat the main endocrine, metabolic renal, uro-genital tract and digestive diseases
• interpret the main laboratory and diagnostic procedures
• identify gender-related issues
• illustrate to the patient the relevant aspects of the diseases and to suggest the correct behaviour in order to prevent or minimize the risk
The main acquired knowledge will be to be able to implement the main clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of these diseases. Prerequisites
- Anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, general pathology and pharmacology related to pathology of the endocrine, kidney and digestive system
Course programme
- ENDOCRINOLOGY
Pathologic aspects of the endocrine and metabolic diseases.
Diagnostic procedures (clinical, biochemical and imaging) for the endocrine and metabolic diseases. Molecular analysis in the diagnosis of endocrine neoplasia. Role of gender-related differences concerning incidence, physiopathology, diagnosis and therapy in endocrine diseases.
Lectures about the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the endocrine and metabolic disorders, with specific reference to:
- Thyroid gland: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, goiter, thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer.
- Physiopathology of calcium and bone metabolism. Osteoporosis. Parathyroid diseases: hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, pseudo-hypoparathyroidism.
- Physiopathology of the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Anterior pituitary diseases (pituitary adenomas, excess or deficiency of anterior pituitary hormone production). Neurohypophysis: vasopressin and oxitocin. Diabetes insipidus.
- Male and female hyogonadism. Menstrual disturbances. Male and female infertility.
- Adrenal gland: adrenal insufficiency, Cushing syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, adrenal incidentaloma.
- Definition and endocrine aspects of hypertension.
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia; Neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- Diabetes mellitus: classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and monitoring.
- Hypoglycemic syndromes.
- Obesity. Dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome.
- Clinical aspects of growth and growth disorders. Disorders of sexual differentiation.
Role of gender-related issues.Medical therapy and/or surgical approach to neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Practical lessons with the patients and discussion on clinical cases.
NEPHROLOGY
General diagnostic of renal diseases: proteinuria, haematuria, creatininemia, clearance of creatinine and glomerular filtration. Primary and secondary glomerular nephropathies; clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy. Hydratation and electrolytes disorders: potassium and acid-base balance disorders. Acute and chronic, infective and non infective, tubular-interstitial nephropaties. Cystic renal diseases. Acute and chronic vascular nephropaties. Acute kidney failure: etiology, physiology, clinical aspects and therapy. Chronic kidney failure: etiology, physiology, clinical aspects, therapy and complications. Kidney dialysis and kidney transplantation. Protecting the kidney: general aspects.
Clinical management of nephrovascular hypertension, and renal lithiasis.
Moreover, the integration of knowledge of specific sex/gender factors of certain diseases will represent important issue, with particular attention to the differences, in an integrated diagnostic-therapeutic olistic pathway.
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Esophagitis and Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastritis, Gastric Ulcer, Duodenal Ulcer, Helicobacter pylori
Inflammatory Bowel diseases
Functional Dyspepsia; Irritable Bowel Syndrome, constipation, diahrroea
Maldigestion, Malabsorption, Celiac disease
Diarrhea, Constipation; Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis of the colon
Upper and lower gastro-intestinal bleeding
Gallstone disease; Chronic Pancreatitis, clinical aspects
Liver Cirrhosis
Problem solving on clinical cases Didactic methods
- ENDOCRINOLOGY
frontal lectures on all the course’s topics; clinical case seminars; tutorials at the outpatient care (both visits and thyroid ultrasound), Day Service, Day Hospital, in-patient care and Laboratory of the Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (AOU Ferrara)
NEPHROLOGY
Lectures and case reports
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Lectures and problem solving on clinical cases.
Online teching might be necessary. Learning assessment procedures
- The aim of the exam is to verify at which level the learning objectives previously described have been acquired.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Multiple choice written test: 30 closed-answer questions, with 5 possible responses each (only one correct response), with a score definition of 1 point for each correct response, 0 point for each missing or wrong response. Positive test: equal or higher than 18/30. Allowed time: 45 minutes.
NEPHROLOGY
Multiple choice written test: 30 closed-answer questions, with 4 possible responses each (only one correct response), with a score definition of 1 point for each correct response, 0 point for each missing or wrong response. Positive test: equal or higher than 18/30. Allowed time: 30 minutes.
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Multiple choice written test: 30 closed-answer questions, with 5 possible responses each (only one correct response), with a score definition of 1 point for each correct response, 0 point for each missing or wrong response. Positive test: equal or higher than 18/30. Allowed time: 45 minutes.
Il voto finale risulta dalla media dei voti conseguiti in ciascuna delle tre prove pesata in base ai crediti di ciascun corso.
THE FINAL mark IS represented by the mean of the single marks obtained in the 3 tests, weighted on the basis of the course credits, Reference texts
- ENDOCRINOLOGY
Faglia G., Beck-Peccoz P., Spada A., Malattie del sistema endocrino e del metabolismo, V edizione, McGraw -Hill, Italia 2013
Monaco F., Endocrinologia Clinica, V edizione 2011, Società Editrice Universo- Roma
Guida pratica di Endocrinologia. I Edizione, Piccin , Italia 2019
NEFROLOGY
Andreucci M, Biancone L. et al. Nefrologia. Idelson-Gnocchi 2021
Chapters treating renal disease included in Internal Medicne Textbooks
Claudio Ronco. Nefrologia Medica. Piccin 2020
GASTROENEROLOGY
Manuale di Gastroenterologia. Unigastro 2013-2015, Il Pensiero Scientifico Ed.
Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set, 9th Edition.
