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STATISTIC AND BIOPHYSICAL PHYSICS

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
ANTONINO PROTO
Credits
12
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

The goal of the Physics module is to introduce the magnitudes and basic principles of Classical Physics. In particular, the topics covered aim to provide the tools necessary for understanding the physical phenomena underlying motor activities. The lessons and guided exercises will allow you to acquire the skills required to set the resolution of simple problems in this area in a scientific and quantitative way.
The objective of the Biophysics module is to present principles of Cellular Physiology, in particular regarding excitable cells (nerve and muscle), to discuss the phenomena that lead to the genesis and propagation of nerve impulses and to explain how these are transformed into contractions. muscles following the activation of nerve-muscle synapses. The topics covered aim to provide the tools necessary for understanding the biophysical phenomena underlying motor activities. The lessons will allow you to acquire the skills required to deal with adequate preparation courses that will follow in the three years.
The module aims to provide useful tools to allow students to understand and explain the essential measures used in epidemiology.

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 005417 - BIOFISICA
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Elements of algebra and trigonometry. Basic functions of interest in the medical sciences.
Basic knowledge of calculus and functional analysis. Principles of cell biology
STATISTICS:
Basic knowledge of arithmetic and English (examples taken from scientific literature will be provided during the lectures).

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Modulo: 27149 - FISICA
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Elements of algebra and trigonometry. Basic functions of interest in the medical sciences.
Basic knowledge of calculus and functional analysis.

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Modulo: 65958 - STATISTICA E ANALISI DEI DATI
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Basic knowledge of arithmetic and English (examples taken from scientific literature will be provided during the lectures).

Course programme

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Modulo: 005417 - BIOFISICA
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PHYSICS
1. Physical quantities: units of measurement and conversions, the International System, scientific notation. Scalar and vector quantities, operations between vectors.
2. Kinematics: point particle, trajectory, and equations of motion. Speed and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly varied rectilinear motion, uniform circular motion, harmonic motion, projectile motion, plane motions.
3. Dynamics: forces and laws of dynamics. Gravity: mass, weight, and density; examples of other fundamental forces. Work, potential and kinetic energy, conservation of mechanical energy. Momentum of a particle and its conservation.
4. Dynamics of the rigid body: centre of mass, torque, rotational equilibrium, levers. Brief description of angular momentum and moment of inertia.
5. Fluid statics: mass, volume, and density; pressure, Pascal’s principle, hydrostatic pressure (Stevin's law), Torricelli's barometer, definition of mmHg, Archimedes’ principle.
6. Fluid dynamics: flow rate and continuity equation; Bernoulli's theorem; motion of a viscous fluid, Reynolds number, Poiseuille’s formula; brief examples of hydrodynamics in blood circulation.
7. Thermodynamics: definition of a thermodynamic system, heat and temperature, temperature measurement, specific heat, and heat capacity. Phase transition and latent heats, first law of thermodynamics. Perfect gases. Brief description of the second law of thermodynamics.
8. Electromagnetism: Coulomb's law, electric charge, superposition principle, electric field, field lines. Uniform electric field, potential difference, electric current, Ohm's law, circuits with resistors, resistors in series and in parallel. Electric power and Joule’s law. Introduction to magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves.



BIOPHYSICS
BASIC PRINCIPLES: Definition of Biophysics. Water and solutions. Molecular structure of lipids, proteins and membranes. Recall of electricity: ionic and electronic conduction, current and resistance. Conductors and insulators. Ohm’s law. Resistivity and reactance. Proteins in membrane and in solution. Diffusion and osmosis. Nernst potential and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.
NERVOUS SIGNALS: Membrane channels. Resting potential. Hodgkin-Huxley model. Voltage-clamp and patch-clamp. Action potential. Graded potential and conduction of nerve fibers. Neuromuscolar junction. Excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Spatial and temporal integration of synaptic signals. Pharmacology and synapses. Receptors.
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES: Electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Extracellular recording. Static and dynamic tissue imaging: PET, fPET, TAC, NMR e fNMR; temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescence imaging and fluorophores.

STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS
- Basic elements of statistics: continuous and categorical variables and their presentation
- Frequency measures
- Association measures, meaning and interpretation
- Statistical inference; meaning and interpretation of confidence intervals
- Hypothesis testing in studies
- Interpretation of the p-value; statistical power
- Meta-analysis (hints)
- Number needed to treat and Number needed to harm
- Standardization of rates
- How to create and manage a database
- Presentation of the results of a study

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Modulo: 27149 - FISICA
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Physical quantities: units of measurement and conversions, the International System, scientific notation. Scalar and vector quantities, operations between vectors.
Kinematics: point particle, trajectory, and equations of motion. Speed and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly varied rectilinear motion, uniform circular motion, harmonic motion, projectile motion, plane motions.
Dynamics: forces and laws of dynamics. Gravity: mass, weight, and density; examples of other fundamental forces. Work, potential and kinetic energy, conservation of mechanical energy. Momentum of a particle and its conservation.
Dynamics of the rigid body: centre of mass, torque, rotational equilibrium, levers. Brief description of angular momentum and moment of inertia.
Fluid statics: mass, volume, and density; pressure, Pascal’s principle, hydrostatic pressure (Stevin's law), Torricelli's barometer, definition of mmHg, Archimedes’ principle.
Fluid dynamics: flow rate and continuity equation; Bernoulli's theorem; motion of a viscous fluid, Reynolds number, Poiseuille’s formula; brief examples of hydrodynamics in blood circulation.
Thermodynamics: definition of a thermodynamic system, heat and temperature, temperature measurement, specific heat, and heat capacity. Phase transition and latent heats, first law of thermodynamics. Perfect gases. Brief description of the second law of thermodynamics.
Electromagnetism: Coulomb's law, electric charge, superposition principle, electric field, field lines. Uniform electric field, potential difference, electric current, Ohm's law, circuits with resistors, resistors in series and in parallel. Electric power and Joule’s law. Introduction to magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves.

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 65958 - STATISTICA E ANALISI DEI DATI
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- Basic elements of statistics: continuous and categorical variables and their presentation
- Frequency measures
- Association measures, meaning and interpretation
- Statistical inference; meaning and interpretation of confidence intervals
- Hypothesis testing in studies
- Interpretation of the p-value; statistical power
- Meta-analysis (hints)
- Number needed to treat and Number needed to harm
- Standardization of rates
- How to create and manage a database
- Presentation of the results of a study

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 005417 - BIOFISICA
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Lectures
STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS
Lectures and online assisted teaching

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Modulo: 27149 - FISICA
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Lectures

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Modulo: 65958 - STATISTICA E ANALISI DEI DATI
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Lectures

Learning assessment procedures

PHYSICS
Written exam consisting of questions and short exercises covering the topics discussed during the lectures. Multiple choice with 5 possible answers of which only one is correct.
BIOPHYSICS
Written exam consisting of 60 questions with answer “True” or “False”. Each correct answer represents 1 point, each wrong answer represents -1 points, each answer not given represents 0 points. A sufficient judjement (18/30) is reached obtaining 36 points. Duration 60 minutes.
STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS
Written exam with multiple choice quiz. For each question, there may be 1 to 4 correct answers. Half of the score of each question will be cut for any wrong or missing answer. The entire mark assigned to a question will be cut if two or more answers are wrong, or correct answers are missing. Minimum score: 18.

THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH OF THE TESTS.

Reference texts

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Modulo: 005417 - BIOFISICA
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PHYSICS
- Borsa, F., & Lascialfari, A., PRINCIPI DI FISICA: per indirizzo biomedico e farmaceutico, III ed. (2020) EdiSES
- Scannicchio D. & Giroletti E., ELEMENTI DI FISICA BIOMEDICA, Edises
- Corbino R., PROBLEMI DI FISICA BIOMEDICA, EdiSES


BIOPHYSICS
Reference texts will be provided by the teacher during the course

STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS
- Material provided by the teacher.
- Optional text: Manzoli L, Villari P, Boccia A. Epidemiologia e management in sanità. Elementi di Metodologia. Edi-Ermes, II ed.


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Modulo: 27149 - FISICA
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- Serway - Jewett, Fondamenti di Fisica, 2022, Edises.
- Borsa, F., & Lascialfari, A., PRINCIPI DI FISICA: per indirizzo biomedico e farmaceutico, III ed. (2020) EdiSES
- Scannicchio D. & Giroletti E., ELEMENTI DI FISICA BIOMEDICA, Edises
- Corbino R., PROBLEMI DI FISICA BIOMEDICA, EdiSES.
- Esercizi di fisica. Guida ragionata alla soluzione,
di Jr. J. R. Gordon, R. V. McGrew, R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett.

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Modulo: 65958 - STATISTICA E ANALISI DEI DATI
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- Material provided by the teacher.
- Optional text: Manzoli L, Villari P, Boccia A. Epidemiologia e management in sanità. Elementi di Metodologia. Edi-Ermes, II ed.