Salta ai contenuti. | Salta alla navigazione

Strumenti personali

BIOMEDICAL DISCIPLINES OF THE MOVEMENT

Academic year and teacher
If you can't find the course description that you're looking for in the above list, please see the following instructions >>
Versione italiana
Academic year
2017/2018
Teacher
VALERIA BERTAGNOLO
Credits
12
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
The course is proposed to complete the description of the systems responsible of the regulation of the motorial activity. At the end of the course the student must have a complete picture of the involved anatomical structures, comprised the special organs of sense, to the aim of being able to develop specific activities for the recovery and the improvement of the physical efficiency.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
The aim of the course is to enable students to understand the adaptation mechanisms of the main physiological systems of the human organism to exercise, providing the basis for evaluating compatibility of exercise with actual conditions of organism.
To acquire the knowledge of movement neurophysiology required to achieve the aims of the degree.

Prerequisites

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
To possess a good general knowledge about the morphological and functional organization of the human body, with particular reference to the nervous system and to the mechanisms that regulate the motorial activity.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY : basic knowledge of the first principles of physics, chemistry and biochemistry.
Basic knowledge of Human Anatomy. Knowledge of the physiological mechanisms regulating the main functional systems of organism.

Course programme

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
Functional anatomy of the vestibular apparatus. Vestibular pathways and motorial activity. Anatomy of the acoustic system. Acoustic pathways and motor activity. Anatomy of the visual system. Visual system and motor activity.
Functional anatomy of the Somatic Motor System. Horizontal control of the lower motor neuron: the main spinal reflexes. Automatic control of the lower motor neuron: extrapyramidal tracts. Voluntary control of the lower motor neuron: pyramidal tract.
Basal ganglia and control of motor activity.
Major anatomical and functional circuits. Control of the upper motor neuron: direct and indirect ways.
Archicerebellum, Paleocerebellum and Neocerebellum and their role in the control of the motor activity. Control of the upper motor neuron. Control of extrapyramidal tracts.
Extrinsic muscles of the eye and their innervation. Neural structures involved in the eyeball movements. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes.
Parasympathetic innervation of the eye (accommodation and pupillary reflex).
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: responses and adaptation to exercise. Mechanisms of adaptation of the heart and circulation to exercise. The general law of flow. Resistence and compliance properties of vascular system. The arterial pressure and its determinants.
Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of cardiac output. Relationships between venous return and cardiac output. Cardiac output and arterial resistence regulation. Regulatory mechanisms of arterial pressure.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: responses and adaptation to exercise. The pulmonary mechanics and its regulation. Nervous control of respiration. Pulmonary ventilation. Exercise and resistence of pulmonary airways. Respiratory frequency and tidal volume.
Influences of exercise on gas exchange and transport by the blood. Chemoreceptor mechanisms and their adaptation to exercise. Ventilation/perfusion relationship. Integrative actions of the respiratory system controlling acido-base homeostasis.
SKELETAL MUSCLES AND EXERCISE: Grading mechanisms of forces of skeletal muscle. Length-tension relationship. The motor units: types anf functional properties. Motor unit recruitment. Muscle fatigue. Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT: General principles of motor control. Cortical organization. Motor, pre-motor. The somatosensory system: proprioceptive and tactile sensibility. The vestibular system. Vestibular control of eye movements. Cerebellum. Basal ganglia. Control of posture. Locomotion

Didactic methods

Front lesson

Learning assessment procedures

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
Written exam: 17 questions, 3 of them open questions, covering all the main topics of the course. Available time: 45 min.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
Written exam: 4 open questions on the main topics of the course to test the basic knowledge of the physiological mechanism of the body involved in exercise. Duration: 60 min.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TEST.

Reference texts

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
Neuroanatomia fondamentale e clinica; M.J.T. FitzGerald, Antonio Delfino Editore
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
- Fisiologia dell'Uomo (a cura di E. Di Prampero e A. Veicstenas) Edi-Ermes.
- W.J. Germann, C.L. Stanfield, Fisiologia umana, EdiSES, IV ed.