NUTRITION BIOCHEMISTRY IN ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- CARLO MISCHIATI
- Credits
- 3
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- BIO/12
Training objectives
- The course aims to provide students with knowledge on the metabolic changes produced by nutrients and dietary supplements taken both during the recovery phase and during physical exercise and their possible effects on performance and muscle adaptation in adults and the elderly
Prerequisites
- basic knowledge on biochemistry and food chemistry
Course programme
- - New nutritional strategies to improve sports performance. Ergogenic food and sport. Macro and micronutrients. Utility of nutritional ergogens. Definition of Food supplement.
- Muscle modifications induced by training. Plasticity and hypertrophy. Biochemical mechanisms of plasticity. Myogenesis. 2X-2A fiber transition. Biochemical mechanisms of hypertrophy. Activation of the mTOR pathway: insulin / IGF, amino acids and muscle exercise. Muscle atrophy. Biochemical mechanisms of atrophy. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant system.
- Creatine. General information on creatine. Its function in energy metabolism. Food sources of creatine. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Creatinine. The de novo synthesis of creatine. CreaT1 conveyor. Benefits of integrating Creatine in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
- Branch chained amino acids (BCAAs). General information on Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine. The function of BCAAs in energy metabolism. Food sources of BCAAs. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Muscle tropism. Activation of mTOR. Benefits of supplementing BCAAs in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate (HMB). The metabolism of Leucine produces HMB and alpha-ketoacid ketoisocaproate (KIC). Food sources of HMB. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Activation of mTOR. Biochemical mechanisms responsible for the increase in muscle mass in adults and the elderly. Benefits of integrating HMB and KIC in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
- Aminoethanesulfonic acid (Taurine). General information on Taurine. Food sources of Taurine. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. The TauT transporter. Role in the biosynthesis of bile salts. Role in strengthening the immune system. Antioxidant role in muscle exercise. Enhancement of oxidative metabolism. Benefits of Taurine supplementation in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
- Beta-alanine. General information on beta-alanine. Carnosine. Tissue distribution. Food sources of Beta-alanine. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Benefits of supplementing beta-alanine in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
- Tri-methyl-glycine (Betaine). General information on Betaine. Food sources of Betaine. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Transmethylation of homocysteine. Mechanism of activation of mTOR. Benefits of supplementing Betaine in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in adults and the elderly.
Tri-methyl-xanthine (Caffeine). General information on Caffeine. Food Sources of Caffeine. Absorption and metabolism in the human body. Caffeinism. Biochemical mechanism of caffeine in reducing muscle fatigue. Benefits of Caffeine in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Didactic methods
- frontal lessons
Learning assessment procedures
- PPT oral presentation of some of the course topics assigned by the teacher.
Reference texts
- recorded video lessons, pdf files of the lessons
