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GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
ANNA LISA GIULIANI
Credits
4
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

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Modulo: 015187/1 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
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GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Learning of basic Pathology: etiology, inflammatory reactions, alterations of cell proliferation and differentiation, tumours.
Learning of genetic disorders, intracellular accumulations and degenerative connective tissue processes. Learning of main immune-pathologic diseases: hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Helping students to understand the most important aspects of Internal Medicine, with a particular focus on cardiovascular diseases and sex/gender-related differences.
PHARMACOLOGY
The main goal of the course consists in providing knowledge of General Pharmacology related to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and to assess the basic elements for understanding the mechanisms of drug action. The pharmacological effects of some of the most important drugs in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids will be evaluated with the indication in specific clinical cases.
The main knowledge acquired will be:
- general concepts of pharmacokinetics
- general concepts of pharmacodynamics
- evaluation of the drug effects in the pain therapy.
The main skills that are the ability to apply knowledge acquired will be:
- assessment of pharmacokinetic factors determining drug effects, drug mechanisms and toxicity to better clarify the pharmacological effect of the drugs
- evaluation of the basis of the drug effects in the pain therapy for NSAIDs and opioids with the indication in selected clinical cases

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Modulo: 015310/1 - FARMACOLOGIA
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The main goal of the course consists in providing knowledge of General Pharmacology related to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and to assess the basic elements for understanding the mechanisms of drug action. The pharmacological effects of some of the most important drugs in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids will be evaluated with the indication in specific clinical cases.
The main knowledge acquired will be:
- general concepts of pharmacokinetics
- general concepts of pharmacodynamics
- evaluation of the drug effects in the pain therapy.
The main skills that are the ability to apply knowledge acquired will be:
- assessment of pharmacokinetic factors determining drug effects, drug mechanisms and toxicity to better clarify the pharmacological effect of the drugs
- evaluation of the basis of the drug effects in the pain therapy for NSAIDs and opioids with the indication in selected clinical cases.

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Modulo: 23329 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Learning of basic Pathology: etiology, inflammatory reactions, alterations of cell proliferation and differentiation, tumours.
Learning of genetic disorders, intracellular accumulations and degenerative connective tissue processes. Learning of main immune-pathologic diseases: hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Helping students to understand the most important aspects of Internal Medicine, with a particular focus on cardiovascular diseases and sex/gender-related differences.
PHARMACOLOGY
The main goal of the course consists in providing knowledge of General Pharmacology related to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and to assess the basic elements for understanding the mechanisms of drug action. The pharmacological effects of some of the most important drugs in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids will be evaluated with the indication in specific clinical cases.
The main knowledge acquired will be:
- general concepts of pharmacokinetics
- general concepts of pharmacodynamics
- evaluation of the drug effects in the pain therapy.
The main skills that are the ability to apply knowledge acquired will be:
- assessment of pharmacokinetic factors determining drug effects, drug mechanisms and toxicity to better clarify the pharmacological effect of the drugs
- evaluation of the basis of the drug effects in the pain therapy for NSAIDs and opioids with the indication in selected clinical cases

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 015187/1 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
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Basic knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, biology and general pathology are requested.


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Modulo: 015310/1 - FARMACOLOGIA
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Basic knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, biology and general pathology are requested.

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Modulo: 23329 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Basic knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, biology and general pathology are requested.

Course programme

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Modulo: 015187/1 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
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Introduction to General Pathology. Cell homeostasis. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Acute inflammation. Formation of exudate. Mediators of inflammation. Characteristics of exudates. Types of inflammatory reactions. Regeneration and repair. Chronic inflammation: general information. Interstitial and granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation. Febrile hyperthermia. Alterations of tissue homeostasis: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypotrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia. Neoplasm: general information. Neoplasms benign and malignant. The molecular basis of cancer. Growth and tumor progression. Local invasiveness and metastasis. Effects of the tumor on the host. Cancer epidemiology. Carcinogens. Diagnosis of tumors. Immunopathology: hypersensitivity reactions. General characteristics of autoimmune diseases. Examples of autoimmune diseases: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Type I diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory myopathies, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus.


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Modulo: 015310/1 - FARMACOLOGIA
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The course forecast frontal lectures where the following topics will be illustrated:
- General principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics;
- Drug-receptor interaction;
- Agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators;
- Therapeutic index and drug toxicity;
- Main drugs primarily used in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids.

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Modulo: 23329 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Pathogenesis, diagnosis and pills of therapy of arterial hypertension, angina, acute myocardial infarction, Takotsubo syndrome, heart failure. Sex/gender related differences of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases.

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 015187/1 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
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Frontal lectures on the course’s topics through power point presentation (frontal class or videorecorded classroom).


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Modulo: 015310/1 - FARMACOLOGIA
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Frontal lectures through power point presentation.

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Modulo: 23329 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Frontal lectures on the course’s topics through power point presentation (frontal class).

Learning assessment procedures

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Multiple choice quizzes: 30 quizzes in 30 minutes. 1 point for each correct answer, 0 points for a wrong answer or no date. To pass the test you must acquire 18 points
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Multiple choice written test: 30 closed-answer questions, with 4 possible responses each (one only right response), with a score definition of 1 point for each correct response, 0 point for each ungiven or wrong response. Positive test: equal or higher than 18/30. Should all 30 questions will be exactly issued, the ‘cum laude’ rank will be given. Allowed time: 30 minutes.
PHARMACOLOGY
The aim of the exam is to verify at which level the learning objectives previously described have been acquired. The aim of this examination is to evaluate how deeply the student has studied the subject and how he is able to understand the basic topics analyzed. The exam is based on 15 multiple choice questions with four answers each; the question is worth one point if correct, wrong answer or no answer 0 points. To pass this test it is required to get at least 18 points. The time allowed for this test is 1 hour.
The final grade is a weighted average of the marks obtained in each tests.

Reference texts

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Modulo: 015187/1 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
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For voluntary more-in-depth study:
Pontieri, Patologia e Fisiopatologia generale per Corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie, Piccin Editore


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Modulo: 015310/1 - FARMACOLOGIA
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- Rossi F., Cuomo V., Riccardi G., Farmacologia. Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche, Ed. Minerva Medica.
- Panus PC, Katzung B, Jobst EE., et al., Farmacologia in riabilitazione, Edi-Ermes.

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Modulo: 23329 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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All the didactic material is provided to the students, and it is sufficient to pass the exam. For voluntary more-in-depth study:
Rugarli C, Trattato Italiano di Medicina Interna, Ed. Masson
Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine, McGraw-Hill ed.
Amoroso A, Rossi Fanelli F, Afeltra A, Basili S, Manfredini R, Sasso FC: Semeiotica Medica e Metodologia Clinica, Antonio Delfino Ed.