MEDICAL CHEMISTRY AND PREPARATORY BIOCHEMISTRY
Academic year and teacher
If you can't find the course description that you're looking for in the above list,
please see the following instructions >>
- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2018/2019
- Teacher
- TIZIANA BELLINI
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- BIO/10
Training objectives
- The main training objective of the course is to provide the basis for understanding the principles governing the physical-chemical and chemical processes and to apply them to the human body. In particular, the students will learn for:
Knowledge and understanding:
Gas laws -The properties of solutions -The osmotic pressure -The chemical equilibrium -The acid-base balance -The electrochemical potential - Main functional groups of organic compounds and their reactions - Structure and function of nucleotides and of the main biological macromolecules
Applying knowledge and understanding
Upon course completion, the student must be able to apply the acquired knowledge to the processes that govern the human organism with reference to clinical applications such as: breathing, the maintenance of the osmotic balance, the acid-base balance of the blood.
Comprehension of the scientific bases of Hemogasanalysis
The membrane potential. Identification of the properties of biological molecules in relation to the presence of specific functional groups
To know apply the reaction mechanisms of organic compounds for the understanding of the biochemical reactions
Furthermore, the student must be able to perform simple calculations on the concentration of the solutions. Prerequisites
- Knowledge of basic concepts of maths. General knowledge of atomic structure, chemical bonds, stoichiometry and the states of matter and preliminary knowledge of the main organic compounds.
Course programme
- The course consists of 112,5 hours of teaching divided into 72 hours of frontal lectures and 40,5 hours of assisted teaching on certificative online Moodle Platform
The hours spent on the on-line teaching platform Moodle will provide an in-depth analysis of the following topics:
-The maintenance of osmotic balance
-The acid-base balance of the blood
-Comprehension of the scientific bases of blood-gas analysis
The course is divided into Medical Chemistry (4.5 CFU), Organic Chemistry (2,5 CFU) and Preliminary Biochemistry (2 CFU).
In particular, the frontal lectures will cover the following topics:
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY (4.5 CFU)
Matter Structure: representation of the electronic structure of an atom, importance of the
periodic table of elements, oxidation number. Nomenclature The composition in elements of the human body. Biological importance of transition elements
Radioactivity, types of radiation and radioactive decay, units of measurement, biological effects and meaning of half-life. Clinical applications of radiation
The chemical bond: covalent bond, ionic, hydrogen bond, dative, weak bonds. Hydrophobic interactions. Biological importance of hydrated ions and weak bonds.
Laws of gases, liquid state and solid state and their application in medicine.
The chemical energy and laws of thermodynamics. Folding and aging
Types of solutions, methods for determining solution concentration, iso, ipo and hypertonic and physiological solutions, solutions-related properties, thermoregulation, Henry's law and oxygenation
Colligative properties of osmolarity solutions and mechanisms of plasma osmolarity control. Dialysis
Kinetics and balances. Enzymes (outline of pharmacokinetics)
Acids, bases and salts, importance of pH and pK. The acid-base reactions in medicine:
antacids.The solubility product in clinics.
Buffers and blood buffers. Acid-base balance. Hemogas Analysis, blood ions, electroneutrality, the Anion Gap. Electrochemistry, membrane potentials and Nernst equation. Biological applications
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2,5 CFU)
Organic compounds, structural formulas, Isomeries, Electrophiles, Nucleophiles, IUPAC nomenclature
Aromatic, heterocyclic hydrocarbons. Functional groups and reaction mechanisms. Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Oxidations and biological reductions, Phenols. Tioalcoli and Tioesteri
PROPEDEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Glucose reactions, Non-enzymatic glycation. Polyalcohols, open and cyclic structures. The glucoside bond. Disaccharides of biological importance. Mucus oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lipids: Saponification reaction, Triglycerides, Oils and fats. Phospholipids, sphingolipids and glycolipids.
Sterols. Hydrophilia, hydrophobicity, micellar solutions and cleaning properties. Reactions of the fans Vitamins Nucleotides ATP Coenzymes DNA and RNA
Some diseases related to vitamin deficiency
Amino acids: properties and their reactions. The peptide bond.
Protein Structure: folding and unfolding of proteins, stability and denaturation. Amyloidosis Didactic methods
- Blended learning: teaching lectures and on-line in depth analysis of selected topics on Moodle certification platform.
Learning assessment procedures
- The objective of the exam is to verify the level of achievement of the previously indicated training objectives
Written exam with 30 + 1 structured questions in which the knowledge on the clinical applications described in the objectives will be ascertained (structured multiple choice quiz, problems).
In particular, the exam consists of 17 questions of medical chemistry, 7 questions of organic chemistry and 6 of propedeutical biochemistry. Each correct answer is worth 1 point, incorrect or missing answers are worth 0
Furthermore, a separate application is added to the previous ones for the achievement of the praise.
Written exam with 30 structured questions (multiple choice quiz, structured open answer questions, problems); 17 questions of medical chemistry,7 questions of organic chemistry and 6 of biochemical propedeutics. Each correct answer is 1 point, incorrect or missing answer are valid for 0 points except for 5 questions where it is specified that the missing or incorrect answer has a score of less than 1. A thirty-first application is foreseen for the praise. It is necessary to submit to the Moodle plattform certification. Reference texts
- T. Bellini, Chimica Medica e propedeutica Biochimica con applicazioni cliniche, Ed Zanichelli
Books for consultation
H.Hart, Chimica Organica, Ed. Zanichelli
L.Nelson, M.M Cox, Principi di Biochimica di Lehninger, Ed Zanichelli
