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HUMAN ANATOMY II AND PREPARATORY CLINICS

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
CLAUDIO CELEGHINI
Credits
16
Didactic period
Secondo Semestre

Training objectives

The integrated teaching of Human Anatomy II and preparatory clinics includes the modules of Human Anatomy II, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and General Surgery. The course aims to give the student the knowledge of anatomy oriented to the clinic, in an overall view that includes organs and apparatuses and loco-regional relationships. It represents a first approach to the transition from basic knowledge acquired by the students to a first direct clinical interpretation.
Some topics will be updated according to the sex/gender approach.
Didactic approaches aimed at improving relational skills will be considered.
In particular, the students will learn for:
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will:
- describe the contents related to the regions: head, limbs, anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous system and microscopic anatomy of body systems, with links to descriptive and systematic (shape, position, relationships), topographic (loco-regional) and clinical anatomy;
- know and correlate the structural organization of human organs with their main functional activities.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course students will have developed the ability to:
- recognize and analyze the organ/system within the region in which it is located;
- demonstrate the ability of observation and identification of the organs by the common techniques of microscopic observation;
- analyze simple clinical cases of anatomy;
- identify the anatomical basis that led to the disease described in the clinical cases.

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 28181 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Knowledge of the fundamentals of cytology, biology, histology and embryology.

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Modulo: 28182 - ANESTESIOLOGIA
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Knowledge of the fundamentals of cytology, biology, histology and embryology.

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Modulo: 28183 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE
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Knowledge of the fundamentals of cytology, biology, histology and embryology.

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Modulo: 45416 - ANATOMIA UMANA II
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Knowledge of the fundamentals of cytology, biology, histology and embryology.

Course programme

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Modulo: 28181 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Clinical Propaedeutics lectures include topics of Internal Medicine that are aimed to allow students to apply basic anatomical knowledge to real clinical cases.

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Modulo: 28182 - ANESTESIOLOGIA
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Clinical Propaedeutics lectures include topics of Anesthesiology that are aimed to allow students to apply basic anatomical knowledge to real clinical cases.

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Modulo: 28183 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE
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Clinical Propaedeutics lectures include topics of General Surgery that are aimed to allow students to apply basic anatomical knowledge to real clinical cases.

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Modulo: 45416 - ANATOMIA UMANA II
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Neuroanatomy - Development of the nervous system. Spinal cord. Brainstem. Intrinsic nuclei and nuclei of the cranial nerves. Reticular formation. Diencephalon and telencephalon. Cerebral hemispheres. Basal ganglia. Cerebral cortex. Cerebellum. Morphological, functional and phylogenetic description. Cerebellar cortex. Deep nuclei. Functional connections. Limbic system. Hippocampus. Amygdala. Circuits and connections of the limbic system. Encephalic meninges, venous sinuses of the dura mater. Subarachnoid space and cisterns. Cerebrospinal fluid. Vasculature of the brain and spinal cord. Carotid and vertebro-basilar systems. Venous drainage. Blood-brain barrier. Sensory Systems. Types of sensation. Receptors. System of the dorsal columns-medial lemniscus and anterolateral system. Somatosensory cortex. Sensory cranial nerves. The gustatory, olfactory, auditory, vestibular and visual systems. Motor systems. Medial and lateral pathways. Motor cranial nerves. Ocular motility. Vestibular system integrated with the oculomotor system. Categories of spinal reflexes. Cranial nerves III-XII. Sensory and motor nuclei. Topography and relationships of individual nerves. Autonomic Nervous System. Innervation of visceral organs. Spinal nerves. Brachial, Lumbar and Sacral plexuses.
Limbs - Upper Limb: bones, joints and muscles. Motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb. Vessels of the upper limb. Lower Limb: bones, joints and muscles. Motor and sensory innervation of the lower limb. Vessels of the lower limb.
Head - Skeleton of neurocranium and splanchnocranium. Cranial and exocranial fossae. Orbital cavity. Innervation and vascularization of the face and of the entire head.
The course also includes the study of the microscopic aspects (also ultrastructural) of the organs.

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 28181 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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The course provides frontal lectures, discussion of clinical cases and practical exercises, and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons.

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Modulo: 28182 - ANESTESIOLOGIA
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Lectures, discussion of clinical cases and practical exercises.

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Modulo: 28183 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE
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Lectures, discussion of clinical cases and practical exercises.

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Modulo: 45416 - ANATOMIA UMANA II
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The course provides frontal lectures, discussion of clinical cases and practical exercises, and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons.

Learning assessment procedures

The learning verification will be carried out by a written exam consisting in 40 questions for a total duration of 60 minutes, without the use of notes or books, in the presence of the teacher. The questions will be formulated with multiple choice questions (5 options), even with the use of images, relating to all the educational objectives of the course defined above.
The exam will include the identification of microscopic Anatomy images as a necessary prerequisite to pass the exam. The student will have to identify at least two of the three histological images in order to access further questions designed to verify the anatomical knowledge acquired by the student from a systematic and topographical point of view.
The questions could have a different weight based on the complexity of the question that is verified. No penalty for wrong or not given answers. The minimum mark of 18 is achieved by those who, by answering the questions correctly, reach 55% of the maximum mark. The maximum mark of 30 cum laude is achieved by those who, by answering the questions correctly, reach 95% of the maximum mark.

Reference texts

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Modulo: 28181 - MEDICINA INTERNA
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Material provided by the teacher.

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Modulo: 28182 - ANESTESIOLOGIA
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Material provided by the teacher.

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Modulo: 28183 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE
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Material provided by the teacher.

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Modulo: 45416 - ANATOMIA UMANA II
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Human Anatomy II
Text book (1 choice):
Anastasi G. et al., Trattato di Anatomia Umana, Edi-Ermes.
Standring S. et al., Anatomia del Gray, Casa Editrice EDRA.

Atlas (1 choice):
F.H. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice EDRA.
Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia, Casa Editrice Edises.
Anatomia Umana, Atlante, Anastasi, Gaudio, Tacchetti, Casa Editrice Edi-Ermes.

Microscopic Anatomy (1 choice):
Anthony L. Mescher, Junqueira Istologia, Testo e Atlante, Piccin.
J.B. Kerr, Atlante di Istologia funzionale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Dongmei Cui, Atlante di Istologia, con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche, Piccin Ed.
Atlas (optional):
Ross M. et al., Atlante di Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.