HUMAN ANATOMY II AND PREPARATORY CLINICS
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2019/2020
- Teacher
- CLAUDIO CELEGHINI
- Credits
- 15
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- The course aims to give the student the knowledge of anatomy oriented to the clinic, in an overall view that includes organs and apparatuses and loco-regional relationships. In particular, the students will learn for:
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will:
- describe the contents related to the regions: head, limbs, pelvis and perineum, anatomy of the nervous system and microscopic anatomy of body systems, with links to descriptive and systematic (shape, position, relationships), topographic (loco-regional) and clinical anatomy.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course students will have developed the ability to:
- recognize and analyze the organ/system within the region in which it is located,
- analyze simple clinical cases of anatomy
- identify the anatomical basis that led to the disease described in the clinical cases. Prerequisites
- Knowledge of the fundamentals of cytology, biology, histology and embryology.
Course programme
- Head - Skeleton of neurocranium. Orbital cavity. Temporal, infratemporal and pterigopalatine fossae.
Neuroanatomy - Development of the nervous system. Spinal cord. Brainstem. Intrinsic nuclei and nuclei of the cranial nerves. Reticular formation. Diencephalon and telencephalon. Cerebral hemispheres. Basal ganglia. Cerebral cortex. Cerebellum. Morphological, functional and phylogenetic description. Cerebellar cortex. Deep nuclei. Functional connections. Limbic System. Hippocampus. Amygdala. Circuits and connections of the limbic system. Encephalic meninges, venous sinuses of the dura mater. Subarachnoid space and cisterns. Cerebrospinal fluid. Vasculature of the brain, carotid and vertebro-basilar systems. Venous drainage. Blood-brain barrier. Sensory Systems. Types of sensation. Receptors. System of the dorsal columns-medial lemniscus and anterolateral system. Somatosensory cortex. Sensory cranial nerves. The gustatory, olfactory, auditory, vestibular and visual systems. Motor systems. Medial and lateral pathways. Motor cranial nerves. Ocular motility. Vestibular system integrated with the oculomotor system. Categories of spinal reflexes. Cranial nerves III-XII. Sensory and motor nuclei. Topography and relationships of individual nerves. Autonomic Nervous System. Innervation of visceral organs. Spinal nerves. Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar and Sacral plexuses.
Pelvis and Perineum - Bony pelvis. Cavity and pelvic viscera. Muscles of the pelvic floor and walls. Male and female internal genitalia. Rectum and anal canal. Pelvic peritoneum. Pelvic fascia. Perineum. Male and female external genitalia.
Limbs - Upper Limb: Bones, joints and muscles. Motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb. Vessels of the upper limb. Lower Limb: Bones, joints and muscles. Motor and sensory innervation of the lower limb. Vessels of the lower limb.
The course also includes the study of the microscopic aspects (also ultrastructural) of the organs.
Clinical Propaedeutics lectures include topics of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and General Surgery and are aimed to allow students to apply basic anatomical knowledge to real clinical cases. Didactic methods
- Lectures, discussion of clinical cases and practical study on models and anatomical parts.
Learning assessment procedures
- Oral examination.
The student will have an interview with members of the Commission on the following topics, to be discussed with the regional Anatomy setting:
1.Pelvis and perineum, Neuroanatomy (lasting about 20 minutes, including a total of two major questions);
2.Head, Limbs (lasting about 20 minutes, including a total of two major questions). However, in case the student is not able to provide the correct answer even to one single fundamental question, the examination will be concluded.
Topics covered by the Clinical Teachers do not constitute the subject of specific questions, but they must be taken into account in the frame of the clinically oriented Anatomy characterizing the general profile of the Course. The value for the final score is 75%.
Practice test of Microscopic Anatomy:
The student is required to recognize two preparations (slides) of Microscopic Anatomy, explaining the criteria for their identification and describing their histophysiological features. The duration of the test is 15 minutes on average. However, in case the student is not able to provide the correct answer even to one single fundamental question, the examination will be concluded. The value for the final score is 25%. Reference texts
- HUMAN ANATOMY
F.H. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice EDRA.
Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia, Casa Editrice Edises.
Keith Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, Anne M.R. Agur, Clinically oriented anatomy, Lippincott.
Fitzgerald, Neuroanatomia con riferimenti funzionali e clinici, Casa Editrice EDRA.
John H. Martin, Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas, McGraw Hill.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
G. Tamburino, Il Nuovo Rasario. Semeiotica e Metodologia Medica, Idelson.
Dioguardi-Sanna, Moderni aspetti di semeiotica medica, SEU.
G. Fradà, Semeiotica medica nell'adulto e nell'anziano, Piccin.
R. Nuti, Semeiotica medica, Minerva Medica.
F. Lumachi, et al., Semeiotica Chirurgica e Metodologia Clinica, Unipress Padova.
ANAESTHESIOLOGY and GENERAL SURGERY
Material provided by the teacher.
