CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- CARLO MISCHIATI
- Credits
- 7
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
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Modulo: 26840 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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The course introduces students to the topics of biochemistry and clinical molecular biology and the principles of related laboratory diagnostics.
The main objective is to guide the knowledge of common laboratory analyzes and their use in the diagnostic field.
The main knowledge acquired will be: selection and manipulation of samples for use in the laboratory, the pathophysiological bases useful for understanding the meaning of laboratory results, the methods used for the diagnosis of acute and chronic human pathologies.
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Modulo: 53788 - TECNICHE DI BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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The course introduces students to the topics of biochemistry and clinical molecular biology and the principles of related laboratory diagnostics.
The main objective is to guide the knowledge of common laboratory analyzes and their use in the diagnostic field.
The main knowledge acquired will be: selection and manipulation of samples for use in the laboratory, the pathophysiological bases useful for understanding the meaning of laboratory results, the methods used for the diagnosis of acute and chronic human pathologies. Prerequisites
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Modulo: 26840 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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It is necessary to have acquired and assimilated the basic knowledge provided by the courses of Biochemistry, Genetics and Anatomy: structure and properties of biological molecules, fundamental concepts of cell structure and metabolism, blood and the functions of transport, functional and metabolic organization of organs and tissues.
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Modulo: 53788 - TECNICHE DI BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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It is necessary to have acquired and assimilated the basic knowledge provided by the courses of Biochemistry, Genetics and Anatomy: structure and properties of biological molecules, fundamental concepts of cell structure and metabolism, blood and the functions of transport, functional and metabolic organization of organs and tissues. Course programme
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Modulo: 26840 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. The counters for the evaluation of the corpuscular part of the blood (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes) and of the hematocrit and hemoglobin. Clinical analyzes for the evaluation of Anemias. The clinical markers of iron metabolism. Diagnostic evaluation of jaundice to monitor hepatic and haemolytic pathologies. Platelet and Coagulation Analysis for the evaluation of the patient's Haemostasis. Plasma protein analysis to evaluate changes in the amount of antibodies in the plasma (immunodeficiency and immune hyperactivation). Clinical Analysis of Diabetes and Hypoglycemia. Plasma enzymes as markers of tissue damage: hepatitis, damage to skeletal and heart muscle, pancreatitis. Clinical markers of inflammatory diseases: ESR, PCR. Plasma lipoprotein assay to assess cardiovascular risk. Direct and indirect enzyme immunoassays to monitor tumor markers and antibodies of autoimmune diseases. Immunological methods of self-monitoring (eg for the screening of Celiac disease). First level test for diagnosis and monitoring of HCV, HIV and Covid19 infections: identification of genomes, antigens and antibodies for diagnostic use and for risk assessment. Outline of clinical markers in urine.
CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES. Manipulation of biological findings for molecular investigations. Nucleic acids and mutations. Biological samples for molecular investigations, manipulation and storage of samples. The choice of the anticoagulant. Isolation of blood leukocytes from buffy coat or FICOLL gradient. Shipping of blood and bone marrow samples. Fixation of tissues for purification and analysis of nucleic acids. DNA isolation. Extraction with organic solvents; salt precipitation (salting out); adsorption on chromatographic matrices. Quantification and quality of DNA by spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Search for mutations. The identification of mutations in the nucleotide sequence. Hybridization methods (Southern blotting, Dot-blotting). Southern blotting in fragile X syndrome, Dot-blot and allele-specific probes in the diagnosis of Thalassemia. OLA (oligonucleotide binding) assay for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Amplification for mutation detection: DGGE, SSCP and direct sequencing. Restriction Analysis (RFLP). Diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Allele-specific amplification (ASA): tetra-priming and mismatched PCR. RTqPCR and diagnostic applications.
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Modulo: 53788 - TECNICHE DI BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. The counters for the evaluation of the corpuscular part of the blood (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes) and of the hematocrit and hemoglobin. Clinical analyzes for the evaluation of Anemias. The clinical markers of iron metabolism. Diagnostic evaluation of jaundice to monitor hepatic and haemolytic pathologies. Platelet and Coagulation Analysis for the evaluation of the patient's Haemostasis. Plasma protein analysis to evaluate changes in the amount of antibodies in the plasma (immunodeficiency and immune hyperactivation). Clinical Analysis of Diabetes and Hypoglycemia. Plasma enzymes as markers of tissue damage: hepatitis, damage to skeletal and heart muscle, pancreatitis. Clinical markers of inflammatory diseases: ESR, PCR. Plasma lipoprotein assay to assess cardiovascular risk. Direct and indirect enzyme immunoassays to monitor tumor markers and antibodies of autoimmune diseases. Immunological methods of self-monitoring (eg for the screening of Celiac disease). First level test for diagnosis and monitoring of HCV, HIV and Covid19 infections: identification of genomes, antigens and antibodies for diagnostic use and for risk assessment. Outline of clinical markers in urine.
CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES. Manipulation of biological findings for molecular investigations. Nucleic acids and mutations. Biological samples for molecular investigations, manipulation and storage of samples. The choice of the anticoagulant. Isolation of blood leukocytes from buffy coat or FICOLL gradient. Shipping of blood and bone marrow samples. Fixation of tissues for purification and analysis of nucleic acids. DNA isolation. Extraction with organic solvents; salt precipitation (salting out); adsorption on chromatographic matrices. Quantification and quality of DNA by spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Search for mutations. The identification of mutations in the nucleotide sequence. Hybridization methods (Southern blotting, Dot-blotting). Southern blotting in fragile X syndrome, Dot-blot and allele-specific probes in the diagnosis of Thalassemia. OLA (oligonucleotide binding) assay for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Amplification for mutation detection: DGGE, SSCP and direct sequencing. Restriction Analysis (RFLP). Diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Allele-specific amplification (ASA): tetra-priming and mismatched PCR. RTqPCR and diagnostic applications. Didactic methods
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Modulo: 26840 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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Frontal lessons
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Modulo: 53788 - TECNICHE DI BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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Frontal lessons Learning assessment procedures
- Oral exam of 20 min on the topics covered in which the mastery of the subject, the ability to connect between the topics covered, the ability to place theoretical notions in laboratory practice, the clarity of presentation will be assessed. The final grade will be expressed out of thirty.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES
Oral exam of 10 min on the topics covered in which the mastery of the subject, the ability to connect between the topics covered, the ability to place theoretical notions in laboratory practice, the clarity of presentation will be assessed. The final grade will be expressed out of thirty.
The final grade of the integrated course will be obtained through the weighted average of the grade reported in the individual modules. Reference texts
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Modulo: 26840 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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Reference text: Albi, Beccari, Cataldi. Biochimica clinica essenziale. Dal laboratorio ai quadri di patologia clinica. Editor Zanichelli
PDF files of the material projected in class.
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Modulo: 53788 - TECNICHE DI BIOCHIMICA CLINICA
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Reference text: Albi, Beccari, Cataldi. Biochimica clinica essenziale. Dal laboratorio ai quadri di patologia clinica. Editor Zanichelli
PDF files of the material projected in class.
