HUMAN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- REBECCA VOLTAN
- Credits
- 7
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- The principal goal of this course is the acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body in health condition. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.
Acquire a detailed morphological and functional knowledge of the musculo-skeletal system. Also acquire the basic notions of central and peripheral nervous system and achieve a detailed understanding of sensory and motor innervation of the trunk and limbs. At the end of the course the students should possess the anatomical basis required by their professional profile and know how to functionally adapt the acquired knowledge of the anatomical structures in the practical context of muscular, skeletal and nervous systems. Prerequisites
- Basic elements of biology and statistics.
Basic principles of physics, chemistry and medical biochemistry. Adequate knowledge of cytology and biology. Course programme
- General architecture of the human body: cells, tissues, organs, systems.
Tegumentary system: the skin.
Cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels and blood circulation.
Lymphatic system: lymph, lymphoid organs, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation.
Respiratory system: respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory mechanics.
Digestive system: oral cavity, alimentary canal, and related glands (salivary glands, liver and pancreas).
Urinary system: kidney, urinary tract.
Locomotor system: bone, appendicular and axial skeleton.
Nervous system: nervous tissue, spinal cord, brain, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, brief references to the peripheral nerves.
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
Generality and functions of the skeletal and muscular skeletal systems
Bones: general terminology, morphological classification, structure and functions.
Ioints: Fibrus joints; Cartilaginous joints and Synovial joints (classification, structure and movements).
Generalities on skeletal muscles: general terminology, morphological and functional., accessory organs of muscles and tendons: bands, sheaths and sinovial bags, Structure of tendons and aponeurosis.
TRUNK: Spine: Skeleton and joints of the spine. Muscles of the spine. Neck: Neck regions and muscles. Thorax Wall: Skeleton of the chest and its organizational structure. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles; muscle Diaphragm. Respiratory Mechanics; Abdomen Wall: posterior and antero-lateral muscles wall; Pelvis: Skeleton of the pelvis. Pelvic wall and pelvic diaphragm.
UPPER LIMB: Skeleton and related joints. Muscles. LOWER LIMB: Skeleton and associated joints, Muscles. Morpho-functional aspects of of the upper and lower limbs.
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
General somatic and autonomic systems; Functional classification of neurons; Spinal cord: general organization. Spinal nerves; Spinal plexuses and detailed innervation of the trunk and limb walls
HISTOLOGY: Methods of analysis and observation of cells and tissues.
- The Cell: Plasma Membrane, Organelles, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus.
- Epithelia: Characteristics of epithelial tissues. Membrane specializations: apical, lateral and basal surface differentiations. Surface epithelia. Glandular epithelia.
-Connective tissue: The extracellular matrix. Cellular components of Connective tissues. Types of connective tissue: connective tissue proper, reticular tissue and adipose tissue. Characteristics of cartilage tissue: hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage. Cartilage histogenesis. Bone tissue: bone cells and extracellular matrix. Lamellar and nonlamellar bone tissues. Histogenesis, remodeling and repair of the bone. Joints. Blood: plasma and corpuscular elements. Hemopoiesis. Bone marrow.
- Nervous Tissue: Neurons and glial cells. Conduction of nerve impulse. Synapses.
- Muscle Tissue. Skeletal striated muscle. Cardiac striated muscle. Smooth muscle. Muscle contraction. Didactic methods
- The course of human anatomy is organized as lectures (24 hours) using the following teaching supports: Power Point presentations and anatomical models of human body parts and human organs.
The teaching of Special Anatomy provides 24 hours of lectures utilizing the following educational tools: Power Point presentations and visual aids.
The course also provides theoretical and practical activity, organized for all students, in small groups, to improve the knowledge of anatomy with the help of anatomical models.
The Histology module includes 8 hours of lectures. Learning assessment procedures
- The exam is written and it consists of 33 multiple choice questions that cover all topics of the program. Each question has 5 answers of which only one is correct. Each correct answer has a value of 1 point. Answer left blank or wrong has a value of 0 point. The exam duration is 40 minutes.
To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18. If the score is less than 18, the student must repeat the test. The verbalization of the final score resulting from the weighted average of the scores obtained in the exams relating to the teachings of the course involves the registration of the student to an official exam session. Reference texts
- Ambrosi, Anatomia dell’uomo, Edi-Ermes; Hendelman, Atlante di neuroanatomia funzionale, Casa editrice Ambrosiana;
Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa editrice Masson;
Adamo S. , et al., Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Mescher - Junqueira - Istologia Testo e Atlante, Ed. Piccin, Padova
