CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- STEFANIA HANAU
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
To give information in basic chemistry, useful in understanding contents of following courses. To give the basis of biochemistry such as energy metabolism and the main classes of macromolecules regulating biochemical processes of living organisms.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
To give useful insights into the understanding and interpretation of diagnostic proprieties of the most important chemical and biochemical markers which are used for the diagnosis/prognosis of diseases affecting liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal tract and of the main syndromes and metabolic dysfunction linked to nutrition.
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
This course is designed as a complement to the courses of chemistry, biochemistry and clinical biochemistry, with basics for a possible experience in a laboratory and insights on biological molecules.
The main goals of the course will be:
•to examine in depth some of the concepts covered during the courses of chemistry, biochemistry and clinical biochemistry with a more technical point of view, introducing to the practice of laboratory of chemistry and biochemistry;
•to implement some basic concepts explained during the courses of chemistry and biochemistry. Prerequisites
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Basic notions of mathematics and physics. For biochemistry, concepts of general chemistry.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Basic biology knowledge. Knowledge of human anatomy and inorganic, organic and biological chemistry.
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
It will be useful to know basic concepts of inorganic chemistry (solutions, pH, buffer solutions and concepts of stoichiometry to perform the exercises), organic chemistry (major functional groups of molecules, with particular attention to molecules of biological importance), and elements of biochemistry (amino acids, proteins and enzymes). It is also useful a basic knowledge of mathematics (logarithms, proportions, equivalents). Course programme
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Length and volume measurement units, multiples and submult., mass and weight, density. Physical prop., states of matter, gas and vapor, eq. of state, gas pressure, breathing (2h). Atom, molecules, bonds, periodic t., main elements, ionic compounds, subatomic particles, isotopes. Orbitals and outer electronic configuration. Electronegativity, atomic volume, periodic propert. Metals, ionic, covalent, dative bond, chelant, polar compounds. Electronic delocalization. Magnetism and electrons, radical. Intermolecular forces, water properties. Mole, molecular and formula weights. Naming compounds (5h). Solutions and concentration. Osmolarity, some exerc. (4h). Velocity and equilibrium, thermodynamic properties, activation energy, catalyst, law of mass action. pH and buffers. Redox reaction, redox potential concept, galvanic and electrolysis cells (2h). Organic chemistry in short: structural formula, isomers, asymmetric carbon. Hydrocarbon concept, saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic and aromatic compounds, functional group and radical. Combustion, addition, substitution, polymerization reactions. The different classes of organic compounds. Hemiacetal, acetal, ester, amide. Polyfunctional compounds: hydroxyacids, ketoacids, carbohydrates, aminoacids. Soaps. Nucleophile and electrophile. Basic and acid organic compounds. (4h). Radiation chem. (1h). Biochem.: Sugar and fat propert. (4h). Amino acid structure and isoelectric point. Protein folding and denaturation (3h). Collagen structure. Iron metabolism and hemoglobin function. Bohr effect (3h) ATP and glycolysis (2h). Krebs cycle (2h). Oxidative phosphorylation (2h). Fat acid activation and beta oxidation (2h).
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Proteins: absorption, nitrogen balance; plasma proteins: electrophoresis of serum proteins, phase acute response proteins, nutritional state indicators. Lipids: metabolism and intestinal adsorption, regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, lipoproteins and dyslipidemia. Carbohydrates: as energy source, hormones in control of metabolism; diabetes: physiopathology, diagnosis and laboratory approaches for monitoring the clinical complications. Plasma markers of liver diseases and physiopathology and diagnosis of jaundice. Calcium: homeostasis, hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Iron: intestinal adsorption, markers of the disease due to deficit and overload of iron.
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
Teaching: frontal lectures about 13h; guided tutorials in the lab about 12h. Frontal lectures: Rules of behavior in laboratory; solutions; pH and buffer systems. Spectrophotometry: principles, techniques and data elaboration. Chromatography: principles and techniques. Electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE. Centrifugation. Quantitative analysis of proteins. Determination of the enzymatic activity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrates. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids. There will be 4 guided tutorials: assay of reducing sugars from bananas; purification of proteins from fresh and UHT treated milk; assay of total protein content with the method of Bradford; evaluation of the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase. Didactic methods
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Lectures with slides display, blackboard exercises on solution concentrations and pH arguments with students involvement.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Front lessons with updated PowerPoint presentation. Lessons are characterized by a continuous attempt to make the students active participants of the discussion, by focusing the potential practical applications of the explained concepts.
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
The course is organized as follows:
frontal lectures, on concepts of chemistry and biochemistry with aspects applied to foods;
guided tutorials in the lab (5/6 experiments), carried out in group of 2/3 students, where they will apply the concepts of chemistry and biochemistry treated during the lectures. Learning assessment procedures
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Written exam lasting 1 hour and half. Chemistry part: 16 questions with 3 answers for each question, plus 2 more questions with open answer, right question 1 point, wrong or not answered 0 point. Minimal rank to overcome this part is 7, maximal 16 if all is wright. Biochemistry part: 10 multiple choice questions and 5 with open answer. Final mark will be the sum of the chemistry and biochemistry rank. Laude which consists of one more point will be gained if all done is right.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
The assessment of the learning will be carried out by means of a written exam with 31 questions lasting 30 min. The questions will be formulated with multiple choice questions (5 options for each question, only one is correct) relating to all the training objectives defined above. There will be no penalty for incorrect or unsuccessful answers. Each correct answer will be evaluated 1.0 point. To pass the exam the student must answer correctly to at least 18 question. Honors will be awarded to those who pass the rounded score of 30. The final score (expressed in thirtieths) will be used for the calculation of the grade of the integrated course, by taking into account the weight in terms of CFU of the course module. The duration of the whole test will be increased for students with "Specific Learning Disorder".
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
The learning will be evaluated though the administration of a multiple choice test on topics covered in class and exercises. The questions will have 4 possible answers, of which only one correct. No penalties are given for incorrect answers. The total questions will be 20, with different scores depending on the difficulty / importance (1 or 2 points), for a maximum of 24 points. The duration of the exam will be of 25 minutes. The points will be converted to score and to pass the exam the student must achieve a minimum score of 18.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TESTS. Reference texts
- CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Teacher’s handouts.
For the first part of the course anyone text of Chemistry, even high school.
For the second part:
Catani M.V., Savini I., Guerrieri P., Avigliano L. (2008), Appunti di biochimica per le Lauree Triennali, Piccin, Padova, Italia.
Samaja M. & Paroni R. (2013), Chimica e Biochimica per le Lauree Sanitarie, Piccin, Padova, Italia.
Other texts:
Stefani M. & Taddei N. (2015), Chimica, biochimica e biologia applicata, Zanichelli, Bologna, Italia.
Bertoldi M., Colombo D., Magni F., Marin O., Palestini P. (2015), Chimica e biochimica, EdiSES, Napoli, Italia.
Champe P.C., Harvey R., Ferrier D.R. (2006), Le basi della biochimica, Zanichelli, Bologna, Italia.
For more information:
Arienti G. (2016), Le basi molecolari della nutrizione, Piccin, Padova, Italia.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Educational material provided by teacher.
PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES I
Teacher’s handouts.
•For more information, consult the following texts:
De Marco C. & Cini C. (2009), Principi di Metodologia Biochimica, Piccin, Padova, Italia. ISBN: 978-88-299-1997-0.
Stoppini M. & Bellotti V. (2012), Biochimica applicata, EdiSES, Napoli, Italia. ISBN: 978-88-7959-713-5.
