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MICROBIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
ROBERTA RIZZO
Credits
12
Didactic period
Secondo Semestre

Training objectives

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Modulo: 000451 - GENETICA
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MICROBIOOGY
Educational objectives
The Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology course aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledge and useful tools to prepare the student to recognize the composition, structure and biology of Viruses, Bacteria, Mycetes and Protozoa. The objective is to make the student acquire knowledge of pathogenic microorganisms and the associated diseases. Furthermore, it is proposed to provide the student with the knowledge and the fundamental concepts of the mechanisms by which these organisms can provoke diseases and the interactions between microorganisms and infected host. The aim is to make available the tolls for laboratory diagnosis of diseases sustained by microorganisms.
As for the parameters of:
Know:
At the end of the course the student will know:
- the main microbiological infectious agents responsible for pathology in humans
- the basics of microbial, mycotic and viral pathogenesis
- the interactions between microorganisms and host and the host's response to infections
- the basics of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral therapy
- the main laboratory procedures for the study and correct identification of microorganisms and viruses and their sensitivity in vitro to antimicrobial and antiviral drugs.
Know-how:
At the end of the course the student:
- Will be able to orient himself in the field of bacterial, mycotic and viral pathology for systems and organs
-Will be able to indicate which laboratory assays are most appropriate for identifying pathogenic microorganisms
GENETICS
The main knowledge acquired will be:
basic knowledge of formal, human and medical genetics.

The main skills (i.e. the ability to apply the knowledge acquired) will be:
Application of genetic principles in the study of hereditary pathological conditions.



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Modulo: 000714 - MICROBIOLOGIA
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MICROBIOOGY
Educational objectives
The Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology course aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledge and useful tools to prepare the student to recognize the composition, structure and biology of Viruses, Bacteria, Mycetes and Protozoa. The objective is to make the student acquire knowledge of pathogenic microorganisms and the associated diseases. Furthermore, it is proposed to provide the student with the knowledge and the fundamental concepts of the mechanisms by which these organisms can provoke diseases and the interactions between microorganisms and infected host. The aim is to make available the tolls for laboratory diagnosis of diseases sustained by microorganisms.
As for the parameters of:
Know:
At the end of the course the student will know:
- the main microbiological infectious agents responsible for pathology in humans
- the basics of microbial, mycotic and viral pathogenesis
- the interactions between microorganisms and host and the host's response to infections
- the basics of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral therapy
- the main laboratory procedures for the study and correct identification of microorganisms and viruses and their sensitivity in vitro to antimicrobial and antiviral drugs.
Know-how:
At the end of the course the student:
- Will be able to orient himself in the field of bacterial, mycotic and viral pathology for systems and organs
-Will be able to indicate which laboratory assays are most appropriate for identifying pathogenic microorganisms
GENETICS
The main knowledge acquired will be:
basic knowledge of formal, human and medical genetics.

The main skills (i.e. the ability to apply the knowledge acquired) will be:
Application of genetic principles in the study of hereditary pathological conditions.

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 000451 - GENETICA
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MICROBIOOGY
Basic knowledge of biology, biochemistry and molecular biology
GENETICS
Basic elements of biology and statistics

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Modulo: 000714 - MICROBIOLOGIA
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MICROBIOOGY
Basic knowledge of biology, biochemistry and molecular biology
GENETICS
Basic elements of biology and statistics

Course programme

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Modulo: 000451 - GENETICA
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MICROBIOLOGY
BACTERIOLOGY: Composition and structure of bacteria. Metabolism. Spore. Cultivation. Genetic recombination. Bacterial pathogenesis. Toxins. Defenses of the organism. Vaccines and serums. Chemotherapy and antibiotics. Bacteriological laboratory diagnostics.
SPECIAL BACETERIOLOGY: Bacteria with implications in human pathogenesis.
VIROLOGY: Composition and structure of viruses. Classification. Viral replication. Cultivation and titration of viruses. Viral pathogenesis. Viral oncogenesis. Antiviral defenses of the organism. Antiviral and interferon drugs. Virological laboratory diagnostics.
SPECIAL VIROLOGY: Viruses with implications in human pathogenesis.
MYCOLOGY: Structure, Reproduction, Antifungal therapies, Mycetes with implications in human pathogenesis
PARASITOLOGY: Structure, Therapies, Parasites with implications in human pathogenesis
GENETICS
Mendelian genetics: Phenotype, genotype, independent assortment, segregation; Dominance, recessivity, backcrossing; Family trees; Statistical analysis of genetic data: Chi-square test. DNA as genetic material. Chromosome theory of inheritance: Sex chromosomes and sex determination. Cytogenetics: Normal human karyotype; Lyonization; Chromosomal mutations. Extensions of Mendelian genetics: Multiple allelia, codominance, intermediate dominance, lethal genes; Epigenetics; Maternal inheritance. Gene recombination: complete and incomplete association; Meiotic crossing-over; Linkage maps.
Organization of the human genome; Structure of the eukaryotic gene; DNA polymorphisms, gene mutations and DNA repair mechanisms. Population genetics: Phenotypic, genotypic and allelic frequencies; Hardy-Weinberg law; Alteration of the equilibrium of HW. Elements of Medical Genetics: Hereditary transmission patterns of genetic diseases: Mendelian inheritance (autosomal-recessive, autosomal-dominant, X-linked recessive and dominant). Exceptions to Mendel's Laws. Atypical mechanisms of inheritance (mitochondrial inheritance, genomic imprinting). Dynamic mutations. Continuous phenotypes, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance. Multifactorial diseases. Genetic basis of tumors. Human chromosomes: numerical and structural anomalies. Chromosomal syndromes. Prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis.


------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 000714 - MICROBIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
MICROBIOLOGY
BACTERIOLOGY: Composition and structure of bacteria. Metabolism. Spore. Cultivation. Genetic recombination. Bacterial pathogenesis. Toxins. Defenses of the organism. Vaccines and serums. Chemotherapy and antibiotics. Bacteriological laboratory diagnostics.
SPECIAL BACETERIOLOGY: Bacteria with implications in human pathogenesis.
VIROLOGY: Composition and structure of viruses. Classification. Viral replication. Cultivation and titration of viruses. Viral pathogenesis. Viral oncogenesis. Antiviral defenses of the organism. Antiviral and interferon drugs. Virological laboratory diagnostics.
SPECIAL VIROLOGY: Viruses with implications in human pathogenesis.
MYCOLOGY: Structure, Reproduction, Antifungal therapies, Mycetes with implications in human pathogenesis
PARASITOLOGY: Structure, Therapies, Parasites with implications in human pathogenesis
GENETICS
Mendelian genetics: Phenotype, genotype, independent assortment, segregation; Dominance, recessivity, backcrossing; Family trees; Statistical analysis of genetic data: Chi-square test. DNA as genetic material. Chromosome theory of inheritance: Sex chromosomes and sex determination. Cytogenetics: Normal human karyotype; Lyonization; Chromosomal mutations. Extensions of Mendelian genetics: Multiple allelia, codominance, intermediate dominance, lethal genes; Epigenetics; Maternal inheritance. Gene recombination: complete and incomplete association; Meiotic crossing-over; Linkage maps.
Organization of the human genome; Structure of the eukaryotic gene; DNA polymorphisms, gene mutations and DNA repair mechanisms. Population genetics: Phenotypic, genotypic and allelic frequencies; Hardy-Weinberg law; Alteration of the equilibrium of HW. Elements of Medical Genetics: Hereditary transmission patterns of genetic diseases: Mendelian inheritance (autosomal-recessive, autosomal-dominant, X-linked recessive and dominant). Exceptions to Mendel's Laws. Atypical mechanisms of inheritance (mitochondrial inheritance, genomic imprinting). Dynamic mutations. Continuous phenotypes, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance. Multifactorial diseases. Genetic basis of tumors. Human chromosomes: numerical and structural anomalies. Chromosomal syndromes. Prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis.

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 000451 - GENETICA
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Frontal lessons.

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Modulo: 000714 - MICROBIOLOGIA
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Frontal lessons.

Learning assessment procedures

MICROBIOLOGY
The learning verification will be carried out by means of a written exam lasting 20 minutes without the use of notes or books or multimedia media of their own, in the presence of teachers. 32 multiple choice questions (4-5 options per question) and related questions will be formulated to all the training objectives as defined above. Each correct answer will be evaluated 1.0 point. The score obtained will be rounded (down or down). Honors will be awarded to those who pass the rounded score of 30.
GENETICS
Exam type: Written test with multiple choice questions.
Time for the exam: 60 minutes.
Number and type of questions: 31 multiple choice questions, 20 (or 21) for general Genetics and 10 (or 11) questions for Medical Genetics.
Each question includes five possible answers, but only one answer is correct. All questions are related to the learning objectives of the Genetics subject.
Each correct answer is given 1 point. There is not negative points for no answer or incorrect answer.
Summa cum laude is achived with 31 correct answers out of 31. Thirty points are given with 30 correct answers, 29 points are given with 29 correct answers, etc.
The final point for the subject Microbiology and Genetics is calculated as the average value of the points obtained in each of the exams ((points in Microbiology + points in Genetics)/2))

Reference texts

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Modulo: 000451 - GENETICA
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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica (per professioni sanitarie e odontoiatria)
Simona De Grazie, Donatella Ferraro, Giovanni Giammanco Edizione Pearson
ISBN: 978-8891902283 or 8891902284
GENETICS
P.J. Russel – Genetica, un approccio molecolare – 5° edizione, Ed. Pearson, Milano
M. Clementi "Elementi di Genetica medica" – II edizione EdiSES, 2020.
G. De Leo, S. Fasano, E. Ginelli - Biologia e Genetica - IV edizione EdiSES, 2020


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Modulo: 000714 - MICROBIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica (per professioni sanitarie e odontoiatria)
Simona De Grazie, Donatella Ferraro, Giovanni Giammanco Edizione Pearson
ISBN: 978-8891902283 or 8891902284
GENETICS
P.J. Russel – Genetica, un approccio molecolare – 5° edizione, Ed. Pearson, Milano
M. Clementi "Elementi di Genetica medica" – II edizione EdiSES, 2020.
G. De Leo, S. Fasano, E. Ginelli - Biologia e Genetica - IV edizione EdiSES, 2020