HUMAN ANATOMY
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- ERIKA RIMONDI
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- BIO/16
Training objectives
- The Human Anatomy course allows the students to get a good knowledge about the conformation and the structure of the apparatus/systems through the use of macroscopic and microscopic approaches. The main goals of the course are the acquisition of human body general organization and the identification of components of different systems of the human body defining their connections both at structural and functional levels.
Elements of analysis of educational tools will be provided, such as the use of modeling and multimedia activities, useful for the construction of specific educational pathways.
The student will learn knowledges with respect to:
- body distribution of tissues; to be able to correlate cellular activities and the structural and ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues with their main functional activities;
- anatomical terminology used to describe apparatus and systems of the human body.
The students will acquire the ability to:
- describe the overall organization of the human body;
- describe the various apparatus and their connections at both structural and functional levels;
- describe the mechanisms that allow cells, tissues, and organs to perform their specific functions in the body. Prerequisites
- Basic skills about the mammalian cell structure and the mechanisms regulating cell functions.
Course programme
- Histology:
- Epithelial tissue: Classification and function of the epithelial tissue. Characteristics and functions of lining epithelium and glandular epithelium. (2 hours)
- Connective tissue: Characteristics and functions of the connective tissue. Basic elements: cells, protein fibers, ground substance. Classification of connective tissues: connective tissue proper; cartilage tissue (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic); bone (bone cells, structure of compact bone and spongy bone). Blood. Functions of blood. Blood components: plasma proteins, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets. Blood groups. Elements of hematopoiesis. (6 hours)
- Muscle tissue: Properties of muscle tissue. Characteristics and functions of skeletal muscle tissue. Notes about the mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. Types of skeletal muscle fibers. Characteristics and functions of the heart muscle and smooth muscle. (4 hours)
- Nervous tissue: Cellular organization of the nervous tissue. Structure and classification of neurons. Neuroglia. Myelination of axons. Synaptic transmission. (2 hours)
Anatomy of systems:
- Anatomical nomenclature: Definition of “anatomical position”; regions and planes of symmetry of the human body; definition of solid organ and hollow organ. (1 hour)
- Integumentary system: Skin and its appendages. (3 hours)
- Cardiovascular system: Morphology, structure and main functions of the heart. Arterial system and venous system (pulmonary and systemic circulation). Hepatic portal system. Structure of blood and lymph vessels. Systematics of the arteries and veins of the systemic circulation. (8 hours)
- Lymphatic system: Definition of primary lymphoid organs and peripheral lymphoid organs. Description of thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils. (3 hours)
- Endocrine system: Description of the main endocrine glands: pituitary gland (adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis and hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands and adrenal glands. (4 hours)
- Locomotor apparatus: Introduction to the skeletal system: bones and joints. Description of the vertebral column, thoracic wall and of the upper and lower limbs. Individual bones of cranium and facial skeleton. Introduction to the skeletal muscle system. Respiratory muscles. (10 hours)
- Respiratory system: Anatomy of the respiratory tracts and lungs. Pleurae. (2 hours)
- Digestive System: Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Macroscopic, microscopic structure and function of the following organs: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver and pancreas. (6 hours)
- Urinary system: Description of the kidney and of the urinary tract. (3 hours)
- Reproductive system: Brief description of the female and male genital systems. (3 hours)
- Nervous system: Development of the nervous system. General principles of the nervous system (morphology and function). Spinal cord and spinal nerves. General organization of cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus. Telencephalon: cerebral cortex and main cortical areas. Ascending and descending pathways. Morpho-functional organization of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic). Sensory organs: eyes and ears. (14 hours) Didactic methods
- The course is delivered through theoretical lessons aimed at exposing and explaining the contents of the program, integrated with practical examples and thematic discussion.
Learning assessment procedures
- The exams consists of an oral test on at least three subjects of the programme in which it will be evaluated the ability of the student to discuss with competence and correct terminology the chosen subjects. To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18 on 30 cum laude.
Reference texts
- Martini et al. -Anatomia Umana- EdiSES
Saladin -Anatomia Umana- Piccin
Barbatelli et al. -Anatomia Umana-Fondamenti- Edi-Ermes
