ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND HUMAN GENETICS IN RADIOLOGY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2017/2018
- Teacher
- ARIANNA GONELLI
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- MEDICAL GENETICS
To provide basic knowledge of formal, human and medical genetics. Use of genetics principles for studying the hereditary diseases.
BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY
Acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.
HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
The target course is to compare the main anatomical structures of man, as they are represented in planar radiological imaging techniques
HISTOLOGY
The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of cell and tissue structures, organizations and functions in the human body. At the end of the course, the student should be able to describe microscopic structure of cells in the different tissues and to correlate them with physiological functions. Furthermore, the student will acquire and use histological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the histology’s knowledge. Prerequisites
- Basic elements of biology and statistics.
Course programme
- MEDICAL GENETICS
Mendelian genetics: Phenotype, genotype, independence, segregation; Dominance, recessivity, back-cross; Genealogic trees, AD and AR heredity; Probability, Chi-square test, Bayes theorem.
Sex-linked genetics and cytogenetics: Genetic determination of sex; Human normal karyotype; Chromosomal mutations; Lyonization.
Extensions of Mendelian genetics: Multiple alleles, codominance, intermediate dominance, lethal genes; Complementation, gene interaction; Penetrance, variable expressivity, late onset diseases, anticipation; Mitochondrial genetics.
Genetic recombination: Complete and incomplete association; Meiotic crossing-over; Linkage maps.
Genomics: Human genome organization; Eukaryotic gene structure; DNA polymorphisms, gene mutations and mutagenesis.
Elements of quantitative traits and population genetics.
BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY
General architecture of the human body: cells, tissues, organs, systems. Tegumentary system: the skin. Cardiovascular system: blood, heart, blood vessels and blood circulation.
Lymphatic system: lymph, lymphoid organs, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation.
Respiratory system: respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory mechanics.
Digestive system: oral cavity, alimentary canal, and related glands (salivary glands, liver and pancreas). Urinary system: kidney, urinary tract.
Locomotor system: bone, appendicular and axial skeleton.
Nervous system: nervous tissue, spinal cord, brain, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, brief references to the peripheral nerves.
HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
The knowledge of the main anatomical structures of the man and the main methods of radiological imaging
HISTOLOGY
Epithelia. The junctional complex. Gap junction. Surface epithelia. Glandular epithelia: exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective Tissue. Structure (extracellular matrix, connective tissue cells), localization, function. The cells of connective tissues. Collagen fibres. Elastic fibres. Reticular fibres. Loose and dense connective tissues. Skeletal tissues: cartilage (chondrocytes and extracellular matrix), bone. Compact and spongy bone. Blood: plasma, the number and the main functions of the formed elements of the blood. Nervous tissue. The structure of the neurone: cell body and axon. Neurones and nerve fibers. Histological organization of the nerve. Synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Glia. Muscle tissue. Structure, ultrastructure and functions: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. The contractile apparatus of striated muscle. The neuromuscolar junction. Didactic methods
- Lessons and practical exercises
Learning assessment procedures
- The aim of the examination is to test the level of achievement of the previously mentioned educational goals.
The exam consists of 4 parts.
• A partial test of BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY, consisting in a written exam. The exam consists of 32 multiple choice questions on all subjects of the programme. Each question provides 4 or 5 answers of which only one is correct. Each correct answer is worth 1 points. Answers left blank or wrong are worth 0 points. The exam duration is 45 minutes. To pass the test student must acquire at least 18 points out of 30.
• A partial test of HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, consisting in an oral exam, concerning the analysis of a proposer x-ray, the recognition of the technique and the anatomical structures as well.
• A partial test of HISTOLOGY, including a Quiz on the computer: 20 multiple-choice questions (with 4 responses each). each question is worth 1 point if corrected; wrong answer or no answer 0 points; lasting 30 minutes. final score expressed in thirty-five.
• A partial test of MEDICAL GENETICS, including a written test and an oral exam. The written test consists in 11 open-ended questions, covering the main subjects of the module program, and corresponding to medical genetic problems and definitions. The estimated time for the test is 90 minutes. To each question a score of 3 points is assigned. The overall score is normalized to 30. To proceed with the oral test students must reach at least 18 points out of 30. The oral test is carried out the same day and consists of an interview with references to questions of the written tests and investigations aimed at evaluate the learning completeness.
The final grade is a weighted average of the marks obtained in each of the four tests. Reference texts
- MEDICAL GENETICS
Clementi, Elementi di genetica medica, EdiSES ed.
Novelli Giardina, Genetica medica pratica, Aracne Ed.
Neri Genuardi, Genetica umana e medica, Masson – Elsevier ed.
BASIC HUMAN ANATOM
Glauco Ambrosi et al., Anatomia dell’uomo, Edi-Ermes
Martini et al., Anatomia Umana, EdiSES
Artico, Castano et al., Anatomia Umana. Principi, Edi-Ermes
HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Mazzuccato, Anatomia radiologica, Casa Ed. Piccin 2009
HISTOLOGY
Adamo, Comoglio, Molinaro, Siracusa, Stefanini e Ziparo, Istologia per i Corsi di Laurea delle Professioni Sanitarie, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Junqueira, Carneiro, Compendio Di Istologia Testo-Atlante, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Gartner P. L. et al., Istologia, EdiSES
